INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS AS EDUCATIONAL TOOLS: HOW UNIVERSITIES AND MAKERSPACES USE REFURBISHED ROBOTS TO LEARN, CREATE, AND INNOVATE

Industrial robots have long been seen as symbols of automotive and metalworking factories, but this boundary is rapidly disappearing. Today, these robots are found in universities, design labs, architecture schools, research centres, makerspaces, and innovation hubs. The reason is simple: learning about industrial robotics is no longer just about programming movement paths. It now means…